Full Stack (MERN) + GraphQL Boilerplate / Starter Part-II

Next.js + React + GraphQL + Express + Apollo + MongoDB + TypeScript

Author

Anurag GargSoftware Engineer

Date

Feb 27, 2020

Full Stack (MERN) + GraphQL Boilerplate / Starter Part-II

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This is the second article of the Full Stack (MERN) + GraphQL Boilerplate / Starter series:

Part # 1 : GraphQL Express Apollo Server Setup with User Authentication
Part # 2 : Next.js and React.js Apollo GraphQL Client Setup with User Authentication

Note: Before proceeding with this article, you need to set up the server for the boilerplate first, which is mentioned in the first part of the series. Follow the link above to read it.

Repository Link: - https://github.com/garganurag893/Next.js_GraphQL_Express_Apollo_Boilerplate

Next.js

Building a server-side rendered React website is hard. Next.js commits to solving this problem beautifully.

It comes with some handy features:

Possibility to customize webpack configuration.
HMR for development workflow enabled by default.
Automatic code splitting.
Lazy loading.
Route navigation blocked until its initial props are resolved.
Simple client-side routing.

So, Let’s start by creating a new app :

npx create-next-app <appname>

Folder structure

Make the following folder structure to house everything:

Adding Dependencies:

Now we will add all GraphQL dependencies required for next.js :

yarn add @apollo/react-hooks apollo-cache-inmemory apollo-client apollo-link-http apollo-link-ws graphql graphql-tag subscriptions-transport-ws isomorphic-unfetch next-with-apollo

Adding TypeScript:

TypeScript is a typed superset of JavaScript that compiles to plain JavaScript.

yarn add typescript -D

The presence of a tsconfig.json file in a directory indicates that the directory is the root of a TypeScript project. The tsconfig.json file specifies the root files and the compiler options required to compile the project. A project is compiled in one of the following ways:

Using tsconfig :

By invoking tsc with no input files, in which case the compiler searches for the tsconfig.json file starting in the current directory and continuing up the parent directory chain.
By invoking tsc with no input files and a --project (or just -p) command line option that specifies the path of a directory containing a tsconfig.json file, or a path to a valid .json file containing the configurations.

tsconfig.json☟

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "target": "es6",
    "lib": [
      "dom",
      "dom.iterable",
      "esnext"
    ],
    "allowJs": true,
    "skipLibCheck": true,
    "strict": false,
    "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true,
    "noEmit": true,
    "esModuleInterop": true,
    "module": "esnext",
    "moduleResolution": "node",
    "resolveJsonModule": true,
    "isolatedModules": true,
    "jsx": "preserve"
  },
  "exclude": [
    "node_modules"
  ],
  "include": [
    "next-env.d.ts",
    "**/*.ts",
    "**/*.tsx"
  ]
}

To connect the Apollo server to the client, all we need is your hosted server URL and a web socket link, which in my case is:

src/config/index.ts☟

/**
 * Configuration
 */

export const SERVER = 'http://localhost:4020/graphql';
export const WEB_SOCKET_LINK = 'ws://localhost:4020/graphql';

Now it's time to finally start some coding. Navigate to the src folder and create a file configureClient.js where we will write all the configuration required to configure GraphQl Client.

src/configureClient.ts ☟

/**
 * Apollo Client Configuration
 */

import { ApolloClient } from 'apollo-client';
import { split, ApolloLink, concat } from 'apollo-link';
import { InMemoryCache } from 'apollo-cache-inmemory';
import { getMainDefinition } from 'apollo-utilities';
import withApollo from 'next-with-apollo';
import { HttpLink } from 'apollo-link-http';
import fetch from 'isomorphic-unfetch';
import { WebSocketLink } from 'apollo-link-ws';
import Cookies from 'js-cookie';
import { SERVER, WEB_SOCKET_LINK } from './config';

interface Definintion {
  kind: string;
  operation?: string;
}

let authToken = null;

const httpLink = new HttpLink({
  fetch,
  uri: SERVER,
});

const authMiddleware = new ApolloLink((operation, forward) => {
  operation.setContext({
    headers: {
      authorization: authToken || null,
    },
  });
  // Add onto payload for WebSocket authentication
  (operation as any & { authToken: string | undefined }).authToken = authToken;

  return forward(operation);
});

const webSocketLink: any = process.browser
  ? new WebSocketLink({
      uri: WEB_SOCKET_LINK,
      options: {
        reconnect: true,
      },
    })
  : null;

/**
 * Set Token
 * @param token
 */
export const setToken = async (token: string) => {
  try {
    authToken = token ? `Bearer ${token}` : null;
    Cookies.set('token', authToken, { expires: 7 });
  } catch (error) {
    console.log(error);
  }
};

/**
 * Set Token In Request
 * @param token
 */
export const setTokenInRequest = async (token: string) => {
  try {
    authToken = token ? token : null;
    return authToken;
  } catch (error) {
    console.log(error);
  }
};

/**
 * Destroy Token
 * For logout purpose
 */
export const destroyToken = async () => {
  try {
    Cookies.remove('token');
    authToken = null;
  } catch (error) {
    console.log(error);
  }
};

const link = process.browser
  ? split(
      ({ query }) => {
        const { kind, operation }: Definintion = getMainDefinition(query);
        return kind === 'OperationDefinition' && operation === 'subscription';
      },
      webSocketLink,
      httpLink
    )
  : httpLink;

export default withApollo(
  ({ initialState }) =>
    new ApolloClient({
      link: concat(authMiddleware, link),
      cache: new InMemoryCache().restore(initialState || {}),
    })
);

Now to add this configuration to your Next.js app navigate to the pages folder of your project directory and create a file with name _app.tsx

Note: Filename should be perfectly the same as _app.tsx, nothing else.

_app.tsx ☟

/**
 * App Configuration
 */

import React from 'react';
import App from 'next/app';
import { ApolloProvider } from '@apollo/react-hooks';
import withData from '../src/configureClient';

class MyApp extends App<any> {
  render() {
    const { Component, pageProps, apollo } = this.props;
    return (
      <ApolloProvider client={apollo}>
        <Component {...pageProps} />
      </ApolloProvider>
    );
  }
}

// Wraps all components in the tree with the data provider
export default withData(MyApp);

That’s it. GraphQL Apollo Client Setup is complete….?

React.js

React makes it painless to create interactive UIs. Design simple views for each state in your application and React will efficiently update and render just the right components when your data changes. We will make a Next.js app with basic auth functionality using GraphQL.

So, Let’s start by creating a new app:

npx create-react-app <appname>

Folder Structure

Make the following folder structure to house everything:

Adding Dependencies

Now we will add all GraphQL dependencies required for react.js :

yarn add @apollo/react-hooks apollo-cache-inmemory apollo-client apollo-link-http apollo-link-ws graphql graphql-tag subscriptions-transport-ws isomorphic-unfetch

To connect the apollo server to the client all we need is your hosted server URL and a web socket link, which in my case is:

src/config/index.ts☟

/**
 * Configuration
 */

export const SERVER = 'http://localhost:4020/graphql';
export const WEB_SOCKET_LINK = 'ws://localhost:4020/graphql';

Now it's time to finally start some coding. Navigate to the src folder and create a file configureClient.js where we will write all the configuration required to configure GraphQL Client

src/configureClient.ts ☟

/**
 * Apollo Client Configuration
 */

import { ApolloClient } from 'apollo-client';
import { split, ApolloLink, concat } from 'apollo-link';
import { InMemoryCache } from 'apollo-cache-inmemory';
import { getMainDefinition } from 'apollo-utilities';
import { HttpLink } from 'apollo-link-http';
import fetch from 'isomorphic-unfetch';
import { WebSocketLink } from 'apollo-link-ws';
import Cookies from 'js-cookie';
import { SERVER, WEB_SOCKET_LINK } from './config';

interface Definintion {
  kind: string;
  operation?: string;
}

let authToken = '';

const httpLink = new HttpLink({
  fetch,
  uri: SERVER,
});

const authMiddleware = new ApolloLink((operation, forward) => {
  operation.setContext({
    headers: {
      authorization: authToken || null,
    },
  });
  // Add onto payload for WebSocket authentication
  (operation as any & { authToken: string | undefined }).authToken = authToken;

  return forward(operation);
});

const webSocketLink: WebSocketLink = new WebSocketLink({
  uri: WEB_SOCKET_LINK,
  options: {
    reconnect: true,
  },
});

/**
 * Set Token
 * @param token
 */
export const setToken = async (token: string | undefined) => {
  try {
    authToken = token ? `Bearer ${token}` : '';
    Cookies.set('token', authToken, { expires: 7 });
  } catch (error) {
    console.log(error);
  }
};

/**
 * Get Token & Set Token In Request
 */
export const getToken = async () => {
  try {
    const token = Cookies.get('token');
    authToken = token ? token : '';
    return authToken;
  } catch (error) {
    console.log(error);
  }
};

/**
 * Destroy Token
 * For logout purpose
 */
export const destroyToken = async () => {
  try {
    Cookies.remove('token');
    authToken = '';
  } catch (error) {
    console.log(error);
  }
};

const link = split(
  ({ query }) => {
    const { kind, operation }: Definintion = getMainDefinition(query);
    return kind === 'OperationDefinition' && operation === 'subscription';
  },
  webSocketLink,
  httpLink
);

const client = new ApolloClient({
  link: concat(authMiddleware, link),
  cache: new InMemoryCache().restore({}),
  connectToDevTools: true,
});

export default client;

Now to add this configuration to your react.js app navigate to the src folder of your project directory and edit App.tsx

src/App.tsx ☟

/**
 * App Component
 */

import React from 'react';
import { ApolloProvider } from '@apollo/react-hooks';
import apolloClient from './configureClient';
import Welcome from './screens/Welcome';

const App = () => {
  return (
    <ApolloProvider client={apolloClient}>
      <Welcome />
    </ApolloProvider>
  );
};

export default App;

That’s it GraphQL Apollo Client Setup is complete.?

Conclusion

The main advantage of using this boilerplate is that every line of code is written in TypeScript. This is a programming language that’s used everywhere, both for client-side code and server-side code. With one language across tiers, there’s no need for context switching.

For tech stack with multiple programming languages, developers have to figure out how to interface them together. With the TypeScript stack, developers only need to be proficient in TypeScript and JSON.

Overall, using the MERN stack enables developers to build highly efficient web applications.

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Full Stack (MERN) + GraphQL Boilerplate / Starter Part-II

This is the second article of the Full Stack (MERN) + GraphQL Boilerplate / Starter series:

Next.js

So, Let’s start by creating a new app :

Folder structure

Adding Dependencies:

Adding TypeScript:

Folder Structure

Adding Dependencies

Conclusion

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